Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.
Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:
Text Type:
str
Numeric Types:
int, float,complex
Sequence Types:
list, tuple, range
Mapping Type:
dict
Set Types:
set, frozenset
Boolean Type:
bool
Binary Types:
bytes, bytearray, memoryview
None Type:
NoneType
Example
Data Type
x = “Hello World”
str
x = 20
int
x = 20.5
float
x = 1j
complex
x = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”]
list
x = (“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”)
tuple
x = range(6)
range
x = {“name” : “John”, “age” : 36}
dict
x = {“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”}
set
x = frozenset({“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”})
frozenset
x = True
bool
x = b”Hello”
bytes
x = bytearray(5)
bytearray
x = memoryview(bytes(5))
memoryview
x = None
NoneType
You can get the data type of any object by using the type() function:
x = 5print(type(x)) #Output: <class 'int'>
Python Casting
Python Casting
There may be times when you want to specify a type on to a variable.
This can be done with casting. Python is an object-orientated language,
and as such it uses classes to define data types, including its
primitive types.
Casting in python is therefore done using constructor functions:
int() - constructs an integer number from an integer literal, a float literal (by removing all decimals), or a string literal (providing the string represents a whole number)
x = int(1) # x will be 1y = int(2.8) # y will be 2z = int("3") # z will be 3
float() - constructs a float number from an integer literal, a float literal or a string literal (providing the string represents a float or an integer)
x = float(1) # x will be 1.0y = float(2.8) # y will be 2.8z = float("3") # z will be 3.0w = float("4.2") # w will be 4.2
str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of data types, including strings, integer literals and float literals
x = str("s1") # x will be 's1'y = str(2) # y will be '2'z = str(3.0) # z will be '3.0
